Major bacterial poultry diseases
Poultry, e.g., hen, duck, quail, especially hens are severely affected by the major avian diseases. We will know about the 4 major bacterial poultry diseases, their symptoms and, control and management practices.
List of poultry diseases caused by bacteria:
(1). Infectious coryza.
(2). C. R. D.
(3). Fowl colera.
(4). Pullorum disease.
| Contents |
|---|
| (1). Infectious coryza |
| (2). C. R. D. or Chronic Respiratory Disease |
| (3). Fowl cholera |
| (4). Salmonella |
| (5). Keel disease |
| (6). Fowl typhoid |
| (7). Botulism |
| (8). Quail disease |
| (9). Fowl tuberculosis |
| (10). Spirokitosis or spirochaetosis |
| (11). Navel disease |
Also read: Basic principles of poultry farming
(1). Infectious coryza
1.1: Introduction
(I). It is infectious.
(II). It is a viral disease.
(III). Young chicks are susceptible.
(IV). It is more dangerous than ranikhet.
(V). Death rate is 50%.
1.2: Cause of Infectious coryza
1.2.1: Biological reason
- Hemophilus gallinarum.
1.2.2: Supportive factors
- Change in climate.
- Moisture in poultry house.
- Deficiency of vitamin ‘A’.
- Round worms.
- Food contamination.
1.3: Incubation period
- It is 24 to 48 hours.
1.4: Symptoms
- Chicks don’t pick grain.
- Nose is runny.
- Eyes are runny.
- Mouth is watery.
- Mud like yellow pus around the eyes.
- Eyes seem to popped up.
- Coughing.
- Egg laying capacity decreases.
- Blister inside the mouth.
1.4: Management of infectious coryza
- Tetracycline.
- Terramycin.
- Sulmet.
- Sulfadimidine.
- Clear the face of chicks.
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(2). C. R. D. or Chronic Respiratory Disease
2.1: Introduction
(I). It is an infectious respiratory disease.
(II). It affects 4-8 weeks old chicks.
(III). Egg laying capacity decreases up to 30%.
2.2: Cause of the disease
2.2.1: Biological reason
- It is mycoplasma.
2.2.2: Supportive factors
- Cold climate favors it.
- Poor food.
- Worms.
- Deficiency of vitamin ‘A’.
- Air pollution.
- Moisture in poultry house.
- Sudden changes in climate.
2.3: Incubation period:
- It is 11-18 days.
2.4: Symptoms of the disease
- ‘Gudgud’ like sound during respiration.
- Sneezing is more during the night.
- Birds wave their head.
- They feel stress.
- Production of egg is low.
- Presence of a thick yellow matter on the back of neck.
- Keel bone is clearly visible.
2.5: Management of the disease
- Use antibiotics.
- Give sulfa medicines.
- Use terramycin.
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(3). Fowl cholera
3.1: Introduction
(I). It is infectious.
(II). Apart from hen, it also affects duck, turkey, swan, etc.
(III). It affects 1-2 years old hens during the rainy season.
3.2: Cause of the disease
3.2.1: Biological reason
- Pasteurella aviseptica.
3.2.2: Supportive factors
- Moisture in poultry house.
- Imbalance poultry feed.
3.3: Incubation period
- It is 2 hours to days.
3.4: Symptoms of the disease
3.4.1: Virulent form
- Sudden appearance.
- Death of up to 90% of hens.
- Heavy weight hens are more susceptible.
- Birds are more thirsty.
- Body temperature is 110°C-111°C.
- Hens stop laying eggs.
- Green yellow diarrhoea.
3.4.2: Chronic form
(I). Swelling of comb and mouth.
(II). Swelling of joints.
(III). Presence of yellow matters on eyes.
3.5: Medication
- Sulmet.
- Tetracycline.
- Ampicillin.
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(4). Salmonella
4.1: Introduction
(I). It is a highly contagious disease.
(II). It is a curse for the commercial poultry industry.
(III). It is a disease of layers.
(IV). Disease spreads through eggs.
(V). Death rate is 50-100%.
4.2: Cause of the disease
- Salmonella pullorum.
- It is a gram negative bacteria.
4.3: Incubation period
- It is 5-10 days.
4.3: Symptoms of the disease
- Sudden death in chicks without showing any major symptom.
- Chicks are thirsty.
- No feeding by chicks.
- Afra diseae like swelling in abdomen.
- Bent neck.
- Pneumonia is common.
4.5: Medication
- Oxytetracycline.
- Terramycin.
- Sulfa medicines.
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(5). Keel disease
5.1: Introduction
- It is similar to bacillary white diarrhoea.
- It is very common in duck.
5.2: Cause
- Salmonella anatum.
- Housing factors play measure role.
5.3: Symptoms
- Loss of hunger.
- More thirst.
- Ducks look sleepy.
- Sudden death.
5.4: Similar to bacillary white diarrhoea.
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(6). Fowl typhoid
6.1: Introduction
- It is an infectious disease.
6.2: Cause
- Pasteurella multocida.
6.3: Symptoms of the disease
- Very little or no hunger.
- Dropping of wings.
- Hiding of the birds.
- Green yellow diarrhoea.
- Increase in the size of liver.
- Small knots on liver.
6.4: Medication
- Tetracycline.
- Terramycin.
(7). Botulism
7.1: Introduction
(I). It is paralysis of neck.
(II). It is known as limber neck.
(III). It may take a form of out break.
7.2: Cause
- Clostridium botulinum type C.
- It produces toxic substance.
7.3: Symptoms of the disease
(I). Severe weakness.
(II). Dropping of wings.
(III). Dropping of head towards land.
(IV). Twisted neck.
(V). Paralysis.
7.4: Medication
- Botulism antitoxin.
(8). Quail disease
8.1: Introduction
(I). It is also known as ulcerative enteritis.
(II). Death rate is 10%.
8.2: Cause of the disease
- Clastridium colinum.
8.3: Symptoms of the disease
- Brown or yellowish brown watery excrete that turn white on standing.
- Droopy posture.
- Emaciation.
- Listless.
8.4: Medication
- Streptomycin.
- Neomycin.
(9). Fowl tuberculosis
9.1: Introduction
(I). It is weakness disease of poultry.
(II). It is common in duck, pigeon, turkey, etc.
9.2: Cause of the disease
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis avian type.
9.3: Symptoms of the disease
- Severe weakness.
- No muscle in chest region.
- Comb is yellow.
- Increase in the size of liver.
9.4: Medication
- Streptomycin.
(10). Spirokitosis or spirochaetosis
10.1: Introduction
(I). It is a high fever disease.
(II). Death rate is 90%.
(III). It is also known as tick fever.
10.2: Cause of the disease:
(I). Argas persicus.
(II). It is a type of tick.
10.3: Incubation period
- It is 4-9 days.
10.4: Symptoms of the disease
- Body temperature is 110°F-111°F.
- No feeding.
- Thirsty birds.
- Lack of blood.
- Sleepy birds.
- Comb is yellow.
- Swelling in legs.
- Body temperature backs to normal 1-2 days before dying.
10.5: Medication
- Penicillin.
- Ampicillin.
(11). Navel disease
11.1: Introduction
(I). It is an infectious disease.
(II). It is disease of new born chicks.
(III). Death rate is 50%.
11.2: Cause of the disease
(I). E. coli.
(II). Staphylococcus aureus.
11.3: Symptoms of the disease
(I). Very weak chicks.
(II). Vigour less chicks.
(III). Swelling of the abdomen.
11.4: Medication
- Terramycin.
Fowl cholera description and distribution